Calcolatore di valore futuro

def future_value(pv, rate, periods):
    """Future value of a lump sum (FV = PV * (1+r)^n)."""
    return round(pv * ((1 + rate) ** periods), 2)

def future_value_with_contributions(pv, pmt, rate, periods):
    """FV with regular contributions (annuity)."""
    fv_lump = pv * ((1 + rate) ** periods)
    if rate == 0:
        fv_annuity = pmt * periods
    else:
        fv_annuity = pmt * (((1 + rate) ** periods - 1) / rate)
    return round(fv_lump + fv_annuity, 2)

def real_future_value(nominal_fv, inflation_rate, years):
    """Inflation-adjusted (real) future value."""
    return round(nominal_fv / ((1 + inflation_rate) ** years), 2)

# Example: $10,000 at 7%/yr for 20 years, adding $200/month
monthly_rate = 0.07 / 12
periods = 20 * 12
fv = future_value_with_contributions(10000, 200, monthly_rate, periods)
print(f"Nominal FV: ${fv:,.2f}")
print(f"Real FV (3% inflation): ${real_future_value(fv, 0.03, 20):,.2f}")