이미지 반전 & 회전

# Flip and rotate images with Pillow
# pip install Pillow

from PIL import Image
import os

def flip_and_rotate(input_path: str, output_path: str,
                     flip_horizontal: bool = False,
                     flip_vertical: bool = False,
                     rotate_degrees: float = 0,
                     expand: bool = True,
                     fill_color: tuple = (255, 255, 255)) -> None:
    """
    Flip and/or rotate an image.

    rotate_degrees: Positive = counter-clockwise, Negative = clockwise.
    expand: If True, expand the canvas to fit rotated content (no cropping).
    fill_color: Background color for empty areas after arbitrary rotation.
    """
    img = Image.open(input_path)

    # Horizontal flip (left-right mirror)
    if flip_horizontal:
        img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)

    # Vertical flip (top-bottom mirror)
    if flip_vertical:
        img = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)

    # Rotate — Pillow rotates counter-clockwise by default
    if rotate_degrees != 0:
        if rotate_degrees % 90 == 0:
            # Lossless 90/180/270 degree rotation
            img = img.rotate(rotate_degrees, expand=True)
        else:
            # Arbitrary angle — needs expand + fill
            img = img.rotate(
                rotate_degrees,
                expand=expand,
                fillcolor=fill_color,
                resample=Image.BICUBIC,
            )

    img.save(output_path)
    print(f"Saved: {output_path} ({img.size})")

# Examples
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "flipped_h.jpg", flip_horizontal=True)
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "flipped_v.jpg", flip_vertical=True)
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "rotated_90.jpg", rotate_degrees=90)
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "rotated_180.jpg", rotate_degrees=180)
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "rotated_270.jpg", rotate_degrees=270)
flip_and_rotate("photo.jpg", "rotated_15.jpg", rotate_degrees=15, fill_color=(255, 255, 255))

# Fix a photo taken sideways (clockwise) using EXIF orientation
from PIL import ImageOps

def auto_orient(input_path: str, output_path: str) -> None:
    """Rotate image to match EXIF orientation tag, then strip EXIF."""
    img = Image.open(input_path)
    img = ImageOps.exif_transpose(img)  # Auto-rotate based on EXIF tag
    img.save(output_path)
    print("Auto-oriented and saved:", output_path)

auto_orient("sideways_photo.jpg", "corrected.jpg")