Chemical Equation Balancer
自动平衡化学方程式。
使用 -> 或 = 分隔反应物和生成物。使用 + 分隔化合物。
关于此工具
化学方程式平衡器是一个必不可少的工具，适用于需要确保化学反应在方程式两侧原子数量相等的化学家、学生和教育工作者。手工平衡方程式既耗时又容易出错，尤其是在涉及多个反应物和生成物的复杂反应中。该工具通过自动化这一过程，立即找到正确的化学计量系数，让您可以专注于理解化学原理，而不是忙于计算。
使用该工具，只需在输入字段中使用标准化学符号输入未平衡的化学方程式。例如，对于氢气燃烧，输入 H2 + O2 → H2O。该工具会解析您的方程式，识别所有独特元素及其数量，然后计算平衡所需的最小整数系数。从铁生锈这样的简单反应到复杂的有机合成，该工具都能快速准确地处理单步方程式。
该工具最适合准备考试或完成家庭作业的高中和大学化学学生，以及希望验证其工作或生成示例问题的教育工作者。请注意，该工具只平衡单个方程式，不能预测反应产物或解释反应机制。对于非常大或不寻常的方程式，请务必根据化学原理仔细检查结果，确保输出对您的具体情况是有意义的。
常见问题
代码实现
# Chemical equation balancing using linear algebra
import numpy as np
from fractions import Fraction
def parse_formula(formula):
"""Parse a chemical formula like H2O into {'H': 2, 'O': 1}"""
import re
pattern = r"([A-Z][a-z]?)([0-9]*)"
counts = {}
for element, count in re.findall(pattern, formula):
counts[element] = counts.get(element, 0) + int(count or 1)
return counts
def balance_equation(reactants, products):
"""
Balance a chemical equation.
reactants: list of formula strings, e.g. ["H2", "O2"]
products: list of formula strings, e.g. ["H2O"]
Returns coefficients for [reactants..., products...]
"""
# Collect all elements
all_compounds = reactants + products
all_elements = set()
for compound in all_compounds:
all_elements.update(parse_formula(compound).keys())
elements = sorted(all_elements)
# Build matrix: rows=elements, cols=compounds
# Reactants are positive, products are negative
n = len(all_compounds)
m = len(elements)
matrix = [[Fraction(0)] * n for _ in range(m)]
for j, compound in enumerate(all_compounds):
parsed = parse_formula(compound)
sign = 1 if j < len(reactants) else -1
for i, element in enumerate(elements):
matrix[i][j] = Fraction(sign * parsed.get(element, 0))
# Gaussian elimination to find null space
# (simplified — works for most single-reaction equations)
# For production use, consider sympy:
# from sympy import Matrix
# M = Matrix(matrix)
# coeffs = M.nullspace()[0]
return "Use sympy for robust balancing"
# Example with sympy (recommended)
from sympy import Matrix, lcm
from functools import reduce
def balance_sympy(reactants, products):
import re
all_compounds = reactants + products
elements = sorted(set(
e for f in all_compounds
for e, _ in re.findall(r"([A-Z][a-z]?)([0-9]*)", f)
))
rows = []
for elem in elements:
row = []
for i, f in enumerate(all_compounds):
counts = {e: int(n or 1) for e, n in
re.findall(r"([A-Z][a-z]?)([0-9]*)", f)}
sign = 1 if i < len(reactants) else -1
row.append(sign * counts.get(elem, 0))
rows.append(row)
M = Matrix(rows)
null = M.nullspace()[0]
denom = reduce(lcm, [v.q for v in null])
coeffs = [int(v * denom) for v in null]
return coeffs
coeffs = balance_sympy(["H2", "O2"], ["H2O"])
print(coeffs) # [2, 1, 2] -> 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2OComments & Feedback
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