Wireless Standards Reference
比较Wi-Fi 802.11标准,从b/g/n到Wi-Fi 6E和Wi-Fi 7规范。
| 标准 | 年份 | 频率 | 最大速度 | 范围 | 关键特性 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
802.11b WiFi 1 | 1999 | 2.4 GHz | 11 Mbps | ~35m indoor | First widely adopted standard. DSSS modulation. Compatible with legacy devices. | WirelessStandardsReference.legacy |
802.11a WiFi 2 | 1999 | 5 GHz | 54 Mbps | ~35m indoor | OFDM modulation. Less interference than 2.4 GHz. Higher cost, limited adoption. | WirelessStandardsReference.legacy |
802.11g WiFi 3 | 2003 | 2.4 GHz | 54 Mbps | ~38m indoor | Backward compatible with 802.11b. OFDM at 2.4 GHz. Widely deployed globally. | WirelessStandardsReference.legacy |
802.11n WiFi 4 | 2009 | 2.4 / 5 GHz | 600 Mbps | ~70m indoor | MIMO technology (up to 4 streams). Channel bonding (40 MHz). Dual-band support. | WirelessStandardsReference.current |
802.11ac WiFi 5 | 2013 | 5 GHz | 3.5 Gbps | ~35m indoor | MU-MIMO (downlink). 256-QAM. Up to 8 spatial streams. Wave 2 added MU-MIMO. | WirelessStandardsReference.current |
802.11ax WiFi 6 | 2019 | 2.4 / 5 GHz | 9.6 Gbps | ~35m indoor | OFDMA for multiple users. Target Wake Time (battery saving). BSS Coloring. 1024-QAM. | WirelessStandardsReference.current |
802.11ax WiFi 6E | 2021 | 2.4 / 5 / 6 GHz | 9.6 Gbps | ~35m indoor | Extends WiFi 6 to 6 GHz band. 1200 MHz of additional spectrum. Less congestion. | WirelessStandardsReference.current |
802.11be WiFi 7 | 2024 | 2.4 / 5 / 6 GHz | 46 Gbps | ~35m indoor | Multi-Link Operation (MLO). 4096-QAM. 320 MHz channels. Ultra-low latency. | WirelessStandardsReference.latest |
First widely adopted standard. DSSS modulation. Compatible with legacy devices.
OFDM modulation. Less interference than 2.4 GHz. Higher cost, limited adoption.
Backward compatible with 802.11b. OFDM at 2.4 GHz. Widely deployed globally.
MIMO technology (up to 4 streams). Channel bonding (40 MHz). Dual-band support.
MU-MIMO (downlink). 256-QAM. Up to 8 spatial streams. Wave 2 added MU-MIMO.
OFDMA for multiple users. Target Wake Time (battery saving). BSS Coloring. 1024-QAM.
Extends WiFi 6 to 6 GHz band. 1200 MHz of additional spectrum. Less congestion.
Multi-Link Operation (MLO). 4096-QAM. 320 MHz channels. Ultra-low latency.
关于此工具
无线标准参考工具帮助用户理解Wi-Fi技术的演进和规范,从基础的802.11b标准到现代Wi-Fi 6E和Wi-Fi 7。Wi-Fi标准通过改进速率、范围、功耗和频段而频繁更新,这使得网络管理员、IT专业人士和爱好者需要并排比较规范至关重要。此工具以易于阅读的比较格式呈现每个标准的关键技术细节,包括数据速率、工作频率、覆盖范围和功耗。
只需从列表中选择要比较的Wi-Fi标准,该工具就会显示每个标准的详细规范。典型用途包括规划网络升级、为特定环境选择合适的硬件、理解标准之间的性能差异或解决设备之间的兼容性问题。无论您是在部署企业网络、升级家庭Wi-Fi还是研究无线连接的技术基础,此参考资源都能以一目了然的方式提供您所需的关键数据。
此工具对评估网络投资的IT专业人士、管理多代设备部署的系统管理员以及及时了解无线标准信息的技术爱好者特别有价值。该比较侧重于公开记录的规范,不涵盖所有可选功能或特定供应商的实现;对于前沿或特定供应商的实现,请参考制造商数据表和官方IEEE文档。
常见问题
代码实现
import subprocess
import re
def get_wifi_info() -> dict:
"""Get current WiFi connection info (Linux)."""
try:
result = subprocess.run(['iwconfig'], capture_output=True, text=True)
output = result.stdout
info = {}
# Parse SSID
ssid = re.search(r'ESSID:"([^"]+)"', output)
if ssid:
info['ssid'] = ssid.group(1)
# Parse frequency
freq = re.search(r'Frequency:([d.]+) GHz', output)
if freq:
info['frequency_ghz'] = float(freq.group(1))
info['band'] = '2.4 GHz' if float(freq.group(1)) < 3 else '5 GHz'
# Parse bit rate
rate = re.search(r'Bit Rate=([d.]+) Mb/s', output)
if rate:
info['bit_rate_mbps'] = float(rate.group(1))
# Parse signal strength
signal = re.search(r'Signal level=(-d+) dBm', output)
if signal:
info['signal_dbm'] = int(signal.group(1))
# Convert dBm to approximate quality (0-100%)
dbm = int(signal.group(1))
info['quality_pct'] = max(0, min(100, 2 * (dbm + 100)))
return info
except Exception as e:
return {"error": str(e)}
wifi = get_wifi_info()
for key, val in wifi.items():
print(f"{key}: {val}")
# Determine WiFi standard from channel/frequency
def wifi_standard_from_freq(freq_ghz: float, max_mbps: float) -> str:
if freq_ghz >= 6:
return "Wi-Fi 6E (802.11ax)"
elif freq_ghz >= 5:
if max_mbps > 3500:
return "Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)"
elif max_mbps > 54:
return "Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac)"
else:
return "Wi-Fi 2 (802.11a)"
else:
if max_mbps > 100:
return "Wi-Fi 4+ (802.11n)"
elif max_mbps > 11:
return "Wi-Fi 3 (802.11g)"
else:
return "Wi-Fi 1 (802.11b)"
print(wifi_standard_from_freq(5.18, 300)) # Wi-Fi 5/6Comments & Feedback
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